Direct Sow A Garden

July 17th, 2008

As I was driving through this small town, I passed a lovely little garden, and had to pull into the parking lot to get a better look. The garden was surrounded by an asphalt highway, an asphalt parking lot, and a concrete sidewalk. Talk about a hot spot. I took these pictures on June 7th, and I knew by the way the flowers were growing, and by their stage of development, that they were self sown, most likely late fall or late winter. This garden probably started to bloom in early May.

I have a spot at home where I’m going to experiment with this type of garden for next year. First I’ll prep the soil, and in late fall when I’m ready to sow I’ll lay down two or three sheets of newspaper. The newspaper helps to keep the winter annual weeds from germinating, then I’ll spread three to four inches of moist promix (a soiless medium), then I’ll sow my seeds. No need to cover the seeds.

THE FLOWERS PLANTED IN THIS GARDEN ARE:
Eschscholzia californica - Orange - California Poppies
Papaver rhoeas - Red Poppy or Flanders Field Poppy
Centaurea cyanus - Blue - Bachelor’s Buttons or Cornflower
Silene mexicana - Hot Pink Silene
Alyssum - white variety
Oenothera biennis - Yellow - Evening Primrose
 
I PLAN TO ADD:
Calendula
Centaurea - Pink - Bachelor Buttons
Cosmos - pinch to keep short
Cynoglossum - Chinese Forget-Me-Not
Larkspur
Lavatera trimestris - Mallow
Nigella - Love in a Mist
Oenothera speciosa - Pink Evening Primrose
Papaver commutatum - Lady Bird Poppy

When I went back to see the garden on July 8th, most of the flowers were done. So to keep this garden going you will need to save some seed and sprinkle the remainder around the end of May to get flowers throughout the summer. This is as easy as it gets. The hardest thing about this garden is the prep time. In your fall cleanup, just pull out the plants, shake and wait until next year.

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© Copyright 2008 Catherine Kaufell
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In Search of the Eastern Prickly Pear Cactus

July 7th, 2008

I live in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, within a 12 minute drive to the Delaware River and across the river to New Jersey. One of my favorite things to do is to go on road trips through our local countryside. I’m so fortunate to live in one of the most scenic and historical parts of the United States.  

Today I was on a quest to find the Native Eastern Prickly Pear Cactus.  20 Years ago I saw the cactus growing on the cliffs of New Jersey along the river.  I remembered that I went through Riegelsville, PA, crossed the bridge into New Jersey, and so I’ll continue the rest of the story in my photographs.  

There isn’t anything prettier than our country churches.  This is St. Peter’s Luthern Church in Riegelsville. PA.  From the church I need to go down the hill and cross over into town.

Through town and around the bend I passed this lovely restored Bucks County farmhouse.  I think that the window boxes added charm to an otherwise modest standalone building.

Across the street from the farmhouse is the Riegelsville Inn and Hotel.  The restaurant is located in the inn, which was built in 1838.  Dining at the Inn is a truly memorable experience, surrounded by the decor of authentic Bucks County. 

After I pass the sign I will cross over an iron bridge and enter New Jersey.  There are iron bridges up and down the river towns connecting both states.

Once I cross the bridge I turned right onto the first road.  There were no signs visible.  The road starts out as a two lane highway but after a few miles it turns into a 1-1/2 lane road.  You will meet few cars, but the ones you do meet will be driving fast,  so pull over into one of the pullovers and let them pass.  This road is too pretty to be driving fast.  The Pic above shows you one of the many beautiful small farms of New Jersey.  The tree line after the corn fields and the trees behind them are the same size except the trees behind are growing on cliffs on the Pennsylvania side, separated by the Delaware river.

AH HAA.  There they are, just as I had remembered.  Even if you think you can climb the rocks to get a better view, Don’t.  Years ago I sold a few of these cactus at my nursery for only one season, because every time I had to move the pots around, the tiny hair-like needles would stick into my skin, so I’m sure they are all over those cliffs. 

“Opuntia humifusa” New Jersey Eastern Prickly Pear Cactus

The sun doesn’t shine on these cliffs until later in the day, so they were not blooming.  Oh well, maybe next time.  I’ll tell you a funny story.  When I was a little girl, cowboy movies were the rage throughout the 50’s, and a couple of times you would see a cowboy dying of thirst in the desert, and he would just grab a cactus, cut it open, and squeeze the water into his mouth for a drink.  One day my cousin Tommy and myself saw a bed of this cactus growing in an elderly ladies garden.  You guessed it.  We suffered for two weeks with those tiny hair-like needles stuck into our mouths and tongue.  We never told our parents for fear of getting into more trouble for trespassing onto private property.  I can see now why they have to state warnings on some of todays silly commercials about attempting  to mimick the stupid things shown on TV.

The railroad tracks are across the street from the cactus.  They haven’t been used for years.  New Jersey has removed the tracks from Lambertville to Frenchtown, and paved a path so you can walk or bike the entire length. If you look through the trees in this pic you can see the blue of the river.

At the end of the road you enter the lovely little town of Milford.  My youngest daughters best friend Julie and her husband Mike are owners of the “Lovin Oven”.  It’s such a treat to eat at their restaurant.  The food is fantastic, and everything is prepared fresh on the premises, plus Julie is an outstanding baker.

Now after a delightful late breakfast I will cross another iron bridge to Pennsylvania.  We have had many floods in the past few years, and there has been damage to the canal and River Road on the Pennsylvania side at different sections.  Some parts are now under repair, with a couple of detours.  If you’re a local you know how to go over the various bridges to get up and down the River Roads.  If your a tourist, than give yourself enough time to follow the detour signs and enjoy the countryside. You won’t be disapointed.

After I entered Pennsylvania, I parked along the road, and was taking some pictures of the river.  Because I’m the mother of three adult daughters, the laughter and happy screames of little girls never leaves your memory, which caused me to look down the river and see about seven little girls and two Dads in innertubes.  I can remember when My husband and I took our girls tubing when they were little.  There is nothing more refreshing on a hot summer day than “Tubing down the Delaware”.

With the gasoline crunch, I don’t have to go far for enjoyment.  There are so many quaint towns up and down the river, that I could spend a lifetime and never be able to photograph and document all their history .   Well,  It’s time to head for home, and I hope you’ve enjoyed the trip.  I’ll have to do more of these.

How I control weeds in my stone pathways

June 30th, 2008

I love my stone paths. They add structure and beauty to the garden, and I love the way they sound when you walk on them. There are so many choices between color and size of gravel for pathways. When my husband was constructing the paths, he dug down and removed approximately 6″ of top soil, laid down landscape fabric, then dumped in the gravel.

The first couple of years they were weed free, but after many years there has been an accumulation of organic material that has sunk down into the stones, which makes the paths an ideal area for all types of seed to germinate.

I’m always trying to find ways to ease the amount of labor that goes into keeping my gardens looking their best. About four years ago after spending hours weeding the paths and knowing that in a few weeks I would be doing the same chore over again, I decided to research herbicides. This was a hard decision for me, because I’m an organic gardener, and I didn’t want to use anything that had to be sprayed.

One of my friends, who is a landscaper suggested using a product called “Preen”. Preen is a preemergent herbicide, which means it will only stop seeds from germinating. It comes in granular form, and I sprinkle it on the paths when I know that it’s going to rain. The rain washes the granules down into the cracks and crevices. Preen maintains it’s herbicidal activity for up to 3 months after application, but I apply every two months starting in March, then May, July, and September. I can get about 80% weed control, and I hand pull those that escape the herbicide.  It’s unbelievable how well seeds germinate in gravel.  I think my paths have a better germination rate that I do. 

PROPAGATION TIP:  I once attended a seminar to hear a woman speak who was known for her success rate in seed germination, especially hard to germinate alpines.  She would sow her seed in small pots filled with a moist soilless medium, add about a 1/2 inch of aquarium gravel on the top, then sprinkle her seeds.  Gently shake the pot so the seeds make contact with the soil. Using the pebbles added warmth and protection to the young seedlings.

This process was done in the early winter, which would benefit any seeds that required cold stratification.  After the seeds were sown the pots were placed in a covered cold frame to overwinter.  By spring most of the seed germinated.  If you read my post on Overwintering Perennials, I have outlined my system for constructing a cold frame.  My system was large, because I had to overwinter thousands of plants, but you can downsize it to fit your needs.

 

It works beautifully in my slate path, but remember to apply before a rain or lightly sprinkle the area with water, so you don’t have any particles on your paths, which might not be healthy for your pets to walk on.

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© Copyright 2008 Catherine Kaufell
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A “Do Not Water” Window Display

June 24th, 2008

I was visiting my daughter last week in San Diego. When I was touring the town, I passed this ice cream parlor, and I couldn’t help notice the lovely floral mural painted on their window. I guess the owner doesn’t have to keep reminding everyone to water the window box.

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© Copyright 2008 Catherine Kaufell
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My Thyme Garden

June 18th, 2008

My Thyme Garden consists of mostly creeping thyme. The following pictures were taken on 5/25/08. All thyme will flower, but not at the same time. This is the third season for this garden. I planted three small plants of each variety. Thyme grows very fast, and I’ve already had to thin out some of the plants, so they won’t spread into their neighbor. I have found this garden very easy to maintain.

I know you’ve heard this time and time again, but it’s worth the effort to prepare your soil before planting.  You will be rewarded with fast growing, healthy plants.  Thyme must have a well drained site, with plenty of sun. In my zone 6, the foliage can burn in January and February, so I cover with pine boughs in late December, and remove them in early April.

Propagation by cuttings is easy. If you don’t need lots of plants, use your trowel and cut out a large plug, and move it to the new location. This is best done in early spring.

You can step on thyme, but it will not take heavy traffic.

1. Magic Carpet
2. Lime (Culinary)
3. Orange Balsam (Culinary)
4. Latvin Lucy
5. Bressingham Pink
6. Minus
7. Wooley
8. Lavender
9. Caraway (Culinary)
10. Oregano (Culinary)
11. Elfin
12. Archers Gold
13. Golden Lemon (Culinary)
14. Doone Valley
 
Other great creeping thyme that I have grown are Coconut, Mother of Thyme, Nutmeg, Creeping Red, and Pink Chintz. You can plant the taller thyme(English, French, Silver)behind or on the border of your thyme garden. A great source for plants is Well Sweep Herb Farm, in Port Murray, New Jersey.

Yes, the Lime thyme is actually that color. It will start to darken a little by late July, and it has a white flower, with a touch of light pink.

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© Copyright 2008 Catherine Kaufell
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Growing in the Ditch

June 3rd, 2008

I, like so many gardeners have areas in the garden that are difficult to maintain. Growing in these spaces are basically trial and error. My problem area is a ditch than runs from the front of my property, all the way to the end. The ditch collects runoff rain from my property, the neighbors, and across the road.  I wouldn’t call it a creek, even though there’s always a couple of inches of water running through, due to an underground spring that drains into it. During a heavy rain it can turn into the rapids.

The challenge I have is trying to grow plants that will hold in the bank, smother the weeds, and likes wet feet. It’s been years of trial and error. I grow various shrubs along the top to keep the soil from eroding.  I’ve had good luck with Hemerocallis fulva and Chelone lyonii along the bank, but my best success has been growing Petasites japonicus.

I introduced one small plant a few years ago to see how it would work, and it took off and spread rapidly. Due to the large leaves, it easily blocks the ground so no weeds can escape.  Along the stream bank it behaves beautifully, but I would be cautious about planting it in open wetlands.  It could become invasive.

Petasites japonicus grows in Zones 5 – 9, sun to partial sun, with large 16″ wide leaves, and grows up to 3 feet tall.  The soil along the bank is all clay.  It’s grown in Japan as a vegetable.

In Zone 6, Petasites will flower in late March.  This is the best time to move plants.

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© Copyright 2008 Catherine Kaufell
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Containers, Containers, Containers

May 27th, 2008

These containers are made of galvanized steel,  spray painted with a primer, then spray painted with pastel colors.  Drill holes in the bottom for drainage.  You can grow a large assortment of plants if you tier your pots.

Terra Cotta lions head filled with Bidens.

If in doubt, plant geraniums.  Faithfull deadheading and fertilizing will bring you constant flowers.  There is a country post office in my town.  The postal clerk brings in his containers of geraniums every year, and you can see them in full bloom all winter long in the window.

All set for the Fourth of July. 

Licorice Plant (Helichrysum petiolare), red and white Petunias, Dusty Miller and small leaved ornamental ivy.

Containers aren’t just pots and window boxes.

Window boxes for the shady side of the street 

Coleus look beautiful, but remember to pinch back to keep them short and bushy.  I love how the rustic colors of the Coleus complement this cream colored house.

Window box for the shady side of the street

Caladiums, Ferns and Impatiens.  There is always a large assortment of tropical ferns and ornamentals in the houseplant section of your garden center.  They thrive in the heat and humidity, and look great in the shade.

Window box for the shady side of the street

Impatiens,  Coleus, Sweet Potato Vine and Ivy.  Coleus and Sweet Potato Vine (Ipomoea batatas) comes in an incredible assortment of  foliage leaf colorations, and both of these plants also do well in sun.

Orange New Guinea Impatiens stand out, planted in front of the red brick wall.  The Impatiens match the tangerine canvas awnings on this old victorian house.

Calibrachoa, Red Dalhia, and Petunia.  Half Whisky Barrels make great planters, and the larger the planter, the less watering.  To improve the life of your container, set you Whisky Barrel on stones, bricks, or something to keep the bottom from direct contact with the soil 

This display was fortunate to have a small growing area under the window box. I was surprised how well the Marguerite Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens) did in this shady spot

Another display for a shady window, filled with red hot impatiens.

Calibrachoa, Nasturtium, Begonia, Ornamental Grass and Strawflower (Bracteantha bracteata)

Even though this display is in front of a business, there is no reason why you can’t do the same on your own brick or concrete court yard.

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© Copyright 2008 Catherine Kaufell
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Don’t forget to sow some Sunflowers.

May 19th, 2008

Of all the flowers that I direct sow in the garden, Sunflowers are at the top of my list. Now that our frost date has past, I’ve been walking around my gardens, and pushing the seeds into the soil. My favorites are the branching varieties.  They come in an assortment of fantastic colors, and are a favorite for cut flowers.  There isn’t anything more enjoyable than to sit by the sunflowers and watch the birds, bees and the butterflies.  I leave my flowers standing until the birds get every last seed.  Sowing the seed right into the garden is easy, inexpensive and incredibly rewarding. 

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© Copyright 2008 Catherine Kaufell
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Tyler Arboretum’s Rhododendron and Azalea Gardens

May 18th, 2008

This Saturday was the Mid Atlantic Hardy Plant Society annual spring plant sale, which is held at the Tyler Arboretum.  The day turned out to be spectacular, with blue skies and a light breeze.  After I dropped off my donation of native plants, I decided to go into the Arboretum and see their Rhododendron and Azalea display.  There couldn’t have been a more perfect spot to grow these beauties.  Their grown under a high canopy of trees with just the right amount of light.  The rhododendrons where huge specimens, with many at least 20 feet tall.  If you’re interested in their history, click on the Tyler Arboretum link. 

I was so inspired that I’m planning a trip next week to Rare Find Nursery .  They have an incredible selection to choose from. 

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© Copyright 2008 Catherine Kaufell
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Centaurea macrocephala is a wonderful cut flower.

May 5th, 2008

While I was looking through the images of my flowers I focused on a Pic of Centaurea macrocephala, and was wondering why I rarely saw it offered for sale commercially. It grows about 3-4 ft tall, with strong stems, and has a long vase life as a cut flower. It’s extremely easy to grow from seed.  I have never found this plant to be weedy or invasive.  Usually the gold finches harvest the seeds before I can collect them for myself.  Butterflies love Centaurea.  Although it may look like a Thistle, it has none of the bad habits of Thistle.

Most people shop for flowers that are in bloom, and in my zone, they are done shopping by mid June. Centaurea macrocephala starts to blooms in mid July, so they fail to see the beauty of this wonderful lemon yellow flowering perennial. The flower will draw quite a bit of attention to your garden, so if you decide to plant it in your front yard, be prepared to answer many questions from its admirers.

The first time I grew this plant was in the beginning of my retailing career. I would grow perennials for sale and grow some for cut flower production. All my cuts would be sold to a local wholesaler. This was the easiest for me, because I didn’t have the time to go from florist to florist. My wholesaler loved Centaurea, and told me he would buy as much as I could grow. Once, when I was leaving the store, I didn’t realize I was being followed. When I pulled in my driveway, a woman got out of her car and introduced herself as a local florist, and said that she would love to buy all my Centaurea, and some of my unusual perennials. I declined, because I felt that it was unfair to the other party, by selling to their customers.

I stopped selling cut flowers after a few years, because I was so busy running the nursery, and I didn’t have the time to devote to both. What’s nice about growing and selling flowers for cuts is that you can do this anywhere, even in a residential neighborhood. You just gather you flowers, rubberband them together, put them in 5 gallon buckets with water, and deliver to a flower wholesaler, florist, supermarket, or farmers market. They welcome fresh homegrown flowers. Most of the flowers they get are shipped in, and many have to go through quite a bit of preconditioning to get them to look good. There are certain flowers that they can’t get because there is too much risk of damage in shipping. One of them is Yarrow. I knew one woman that only grew Yarrow in different colors for this wholesaler.

Here is a list of three of my favorite books for cut flower production, a link to the Cut Flower forum and The Assoication of Cut Flower Growers.

The Flower Farmer by Lynn Byczynski

Flowers For Sale by Lee Sturdivant

Specialty Cut Flowers by Allan M. Armitage

Garden Web Forum “The Cutting Garden”. Many folks on this forum market their flowers.

The Association of Speciality Cut Flower Growers

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